| HS Code | 126691 |
| Product Name | Polyisobutylene HRDF-600 |
| Chemical Name | Polyisobutylene |
| Cas Number | 9003-27-4 |
| Molecular Formula | (C4H8)n |
| Appearance | Clear, viscous liquid |
| Color | Colorless to pale yellow |
| Odor | Odorless |
| Molecular Weight Mn | 600 g/mol |
| Density At 15c | 0.89 g/cm3 |
| Viscosity At 100c | 25 cSt |
| Flash Point | >180 °C |
| Pour Point | < -18 °C |
| Water Content | < 0.05 wt% |
| Volatile Matter | < 0.5 wt% |
| Acid Value | < 0.05 mg KOH/g |
| Reactive Olefin Content | > 75% |
| Solubility In Water | Insoluble |
| Solubility In Hydrocarbons | Soluble |
| Boiling Point | > 300 °C |
| Autoignition Temperature | > 300 °C |
| Specific Gravity | 0.89 |
| Ash Content | < 0.01 wt% |
As an accredited Polyisobutylene HRDF-600 factory, we enforce strict quality protocols—every batch undergoes rigorous testing to ensure consistent efficacy and safety standards.
| Packing | Typically, Polyisobutylene HRDF-600 is supplied in 200 kg steel drums with polyethylene liners, palletized, and sealed for industrial shipment. |
| Container Loading (20′ FCL) | Polyisobutylene HRDF-600 is loaded into a 20′ FCL in drums, palletized, securely braced, and sealed for safe ocean transport. |
| Shipping | Polyisobutylene HRDF-600 is typically non-hazardous and not regulated for transport. It is shipped in steel drums, IBCs, or bulk ISO tanks. No UN number is normally required. Store and transport in cool, dry, well-ventilated areas away from heat, flames, and strong oxidizers. Keep containers closed, labeled, and follow applicable transport regulations. |
| Storage | Store Polyisobutylene HRDF-600 in a cool, dry, well-ventilated area away from heat, ignition sources, and direct sunlight. Keep containers tightly closed, labeled, and upright. Protect from moisture, dust, and contamination. Avoid strong oxidizing agents. Use original packaging and secondary containment where required. Inspect containers regularly for leaks or degradation. Follow the supplier’s SDS and local regulations. |
| Shelf Life | Store in original, unopened containers in a cool, dry, ventilated area; shelf life is typically 24 months under recommended conditions. |
Polyisobutylene HRDF-600 is handled as a low-molecular-weight highly reactive polyisobutylene with an average Mn of approximately 600 g/mol and a terminal vinylidene content routinely above 70 mol% when quantified by producer-specific FTIR calibrated against 1H NMR. The predominant terminal double bond geometry allows thermal ene functionalization without halogenated intermediates, which distinguishes HRDF-600 from conventional low-reactivity PIB grades that require chlorinated paraffin-based processing or extended residence time. Viscosity at 100 °C is controlled under ISO 3104, and flash point is determined by ASTM D93; both parameters affect preheating design and charge handling in downstream reaction vessels.
Thermal ene functionalization of HRDF-600 with maleic anhydride is the highest-volume downstream route for this grade in crankcase lubricant additive chemistry. In a 2,000 L glass-lined batch reactor, molten maleic anhydride at 60–70 °C is charged to preheated HRDF-600 under a nitrogen blanket at a maleic anhydride:PIB molar ratio of 1.05–1.40 mol/mol; the reaction mass is then ramped to 205–230 °C and held for 6–10 h. The headspace is maintained at 0.2–0.5 MPa gauge nitrogen to reduce maleic anhydride sublimation into overhead lines, while the agitator is specified for high-torque low-speed operation because the reaction mass viscosity rises as polyisobutylene succinic anhydride forms. Maleic anhydride ratios below 1.05 mol/mol leave unreacted PIB that dilutes active dispersant content, while ratios above 1.40 mol/mol increase free maleic anhydride carryover, which can form fumaric acid solids during subsequent amidation. Batch-to-batch variance in incoming terminal vinylidene content also affects conversion; when vinylidene content falls below 68 mol%, the same residence time produces higher residual PIB neutrals and requires post-stripping at 220 °C and ≤0.5 kPa absolute. The resulting polyisobutylene succinic anhydride is amidated with tetraethylenepentamine or a heavy polyamine bottom at 140–170 °C, followed by thin-film stripping at ≤2 kPa absolute until free amine is below 0.5 wt%. In finished passenger car motor oil, the derived polyisobutylene succinimide dispersant is used at 2–6 wt% of the finished lubricant, contributing 0.06–0.18 wt% nitrogen when measured by ASTM D5291-21. The finished lubricant must satisfy engine test requirements under ASTM D4485-22 and licensing limits under API 1509; low-phosphorus passenger car formulations fall under ILSAC GF-6B or API SP. Terminal finished products include SAE 0W-20 and SAE 5W-30 passenger car motor oils with sulfated ash reported per ASTM D874-21.
Conversion of HRDF-600 to polyisobutylene amine for gasoline deposit control typically proceeds through a hydroformylation stage in a high-pressure stirred autoclave or continuous loop reactor using a rhodium-phosphine catalyst, synthesis gas pressure between 20 and 30 MPa, and reaction temperature between 120 and 180 °C. The terminal vinylidene content of HRDF-600 is the primary yield-limiting factor because it determines linear aldehyde selectivity; low terminal vinylidene material produces branched aldehydes that reduce amine basicity after reductive amination. Catalyst deactivation from oligomeric aldehyde condensation products is controlled through a high-pressure liquid recycle and rhodium recovery step, while aldehyde hydrogenation must be truncated to avoid over-reduction to inactive alcohol species. Reductive amination with ammonia or dimethylamine is run in a separate hydrogenation vessel at 150–200 °C and 8–15 MPa hydrogen partial pressure, with excess amine recovered through a static mixer and a column operating under 0.5–1.5 MPa backpressure. The crude polyisobutylene amine is finished by thin-film stripping at 180–220 °C and 0.5–2.0 kPa absolute, removing low-Mn oligomers and residual amine. In finished gasoline, HRDF-600-derived polyisobutylene amine is added at 20–300 mg/kg active matter depending on deposit severity, with typical premium gasoline treat rates in the range of 80–150 mg/kg. Deposit-control performance is assessed by ASTM D6201-19 for intake valve deposits and ASTM D5598-18 for port fuel injector fouling; oxygenate interference is measured separately under ASTM D5599-22. Regulatory applicability in the United States falls under 40 CFR Part 80 detergent additive provisions, while European formulations must conform to EN 228:2012 and its national annexes. Finished products are premium unleaded gasoline fuels with deposit-control additive packages meeting OEM Top Tier or equivalent minimum intake valve deposit limits.
In soot-laden heavy-duty diesel crankcase formulations, HRDF-600-derived succinimide dispersants are selected for their ability to retard soot-induced aggregation in low-ash oil while maintaining a predictable nitrogen contribution. The polyisobutylene succinic anhydride intermediate is amidated with heavy polyamine bottoms or ethylenamine oligomers at 150–180 °C, and boration with boric acid may follow at 130–180 °C; boration improves antioxidant response and elastomer compatibility, but excess boron above 0.4 wt% of the finished oil can increase filter plugging and cylinder head deposit formation. The amidation charge ratio is controlled at 0.45–0.75 mol polyamine per mole of PIBSA; lower ratios leave unreacted anhydride, while higher ratios increase free amine content and odor. Vacuum stripping to a free amine endpoint below 0.5 wt% is performed in a wiped-film evaporator at ≤2 kPa absolute. The dispersant addition rate in finished heavy-duty engine oil is 3–8 wt%, producing a total nitrogen contribution of 0.10–0.25 wt% when determined by ASTM D5291-21. Soot handling is evaluated by ASTM D5967-21 and the Mack T-11 engine test referenced in ASTM D4485-22; oxidation stability is monitored by ASTM D2893-19 or the Volvo T-13 oxidation test where applicable. Finished lubricants are SAE 10W-30 or 15W-40 heavy-duty diesel engine oils meeting API CK-4 or ACEA E9 and reporting sulfated ash at ≤1.0 mass% under ASTM D874-21.
| Test property | Method | Indicative range for finished heavy-duty engine oil |
|---|---|---|
| Nitrogen content | ASTM D5291-21 | 0.06–0.25 wt% |
| Sulfated ash | ASTM D874-21 | ≤1.0 mass% |
| Total base number | ASTM D2896-21 | 7.0–11.0 mg KOH/g |
| Soot dispersancy | ASTM D5967-21 | relative viscosity increase report |
| Kinematic viscosity at 100 °C | ISO 3104 | 10.0–16.3 mm²/s for SAE 15W-40 |
A separate downstream route converts HRDF-600-derived polyisobutylene succinic anhydride into oil-soluble corrosion inhibitor esters for oilfield continuous injection. The anhydride intermediate is esterified with pentaerythritol, trimethylolpropane, or a technical polyol at 150–190 °C in xylene or heavy aromatic solvent using a Dean-Stark trap for water removal; the reaction is stopped when the acid value falls to ≤5 mg KOH/g by ASTM D974-21. The resulting ester is diluted to 40–60 wt% active content in heavy aromatic naphtha or aliphatic solvent, and the package may include ethoxylated nonionic co-surfactants to improve brine dispersibility. Continuous injection rate ranges from 5–50 ppm active inhibitor in produced water, while batch treatments may use 0.1–0.5 vol% of the diluted package in the mixed water-oil stream. Corrosion inhibition is evaluated by stirred kettle or wheel tests according to ASTM G31-21, and sour service compatibility is assessed under ISO 15156-1:2020. Environmental and import compliance follows REACH Regulation (EC) No 1907/2006. The finished product class is a downhole continuous-injection corrosion inhibitor for carbon steel tubing in CO₂/H₂S-containing brines. Published data for HRDF-600-specific field performance in this downstream track is limited because injection conditions and water chemistry are operator-specific; the ranges above are laboratory screening values rather than field-proven guarantees.
In insulating glass edge sealant compounding, HRDF-600 can be used as a low-Mn highly reactive component that modifies low-temperature flexibility without proportionally increasing gas permeability. A typical compounding sequence in a thermokinetic mixer or sigma blade kneader at 110–130 °C charges HRDF-600 at 5–15 phr together with a high-molecular-weight butyl rubber or polyisobutylene, carbon black, calcium carbonate, and a hydrocarbon tackifier; the terminal vinylidene can participate in the peroxide or sulfur cure of the butyl matrix, reducing plasticizer migration to the glass surface. Finished two-part insulating glass sealants are tested for moisture vapor transmission and gas leakage under EN 1279-3:2018 and for volatile fogging under EN 1279-4:2018; the raw material is also screened for compatibility with low-E coatings and aluminum spacer desiccants. Published data for HRDF-600-specific loadings in commercial edge sealant systems is limited because sealant formulations are proprietary, and the acceptable addition ratio must be revalidated for each cure system and spacer geometry. Finished products include two-part butyl insulating glass edge sealants and secondary sealant systems used in double-glazed units with argon or krypton filling.
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Polyisobutylene HRDF-600 is supplied as a solid, transparent to pale yellow thermoplastic homopolymer of isobutylene with a nominal viscosity-average molecular weight (Mv) of 600 000 g/mol. The grade is stabilized with a non-staining hindered phenolic antioxidant. Product-specific public data for HRDF-600 are limited to manufacturer technical documentation; therefore, the processing and performance statements in this text are referenced to standard test methods and to published typical behavior for high-molecular-weight polyisobutylene homopolymers. The material is not a low-molecular-weight liquid polybutene and is not an isoprene-containing butyl rubber. It is supplied in bale form, exhibits low cold flow at 25 °C, and is soluble in aliphatic and aromatic hydrocarbon solvents while being insoluble in acetone, low-molecular-weight alcohols, and glycols.
In polymer classification terms, HRDF-600 occupies the upper portion of the medium-to-high molecular-weight PIB range. The main chain is saturated; terminal unsaturation is present only as a minor structural feature in conventional high-Mv grades. This saturation distinguishes the product from butyl rubber, which contains isoprene cure sites and can be vulcanized. HRDF-600 cannot be crosslinked by sulfur, zinc oxide, or accelerated sulfur cure unless it is blended with an unsaturated rubber. The absence of allylic unsaturation also contributes to resistance to oxidative chain scission relative to unsaturated elastomers, but thermal-oxidative degradation remains an operational boundary above 200 °C.
Differences are primarily molecular weight, rheology, cold flow, and migration behavior. Low-molecular-weight polybutenes with Mv between 400 and 5 000 g/mol behave as viscous liquids and are used as tackifiers, plasticizers, and lubricant additives. They exhibit measurable cold flow and can migrate within polymer matrices. Conventional medium-Mv PIB grades from 40 000 to 200 000 g/mol are viscoelastic tacky solids with moderate cohesive strength. HRDF-600 at 600 000 g/mol nominal is a tough rubbery solid with low cold flow and high solution viscosity. Ultra-high-Mv PIB above 1 000 000 g/mol provides even lower cold flow but becomes difficult to dissolve and process.
Typical acceptance limits for HRDF-600 include density of 0.91–0.93 g/cm³ at 23 °C under ASTM D792-20, volatile matter of ≤0.1 wt% under ASTM D5668, ash residue of ≤0.05 wt% under ISO 247, and non-staining phenolic antioxidant content between 0.01 wt% and 0.10 wt%. The grade is not specification-controlled by melt flow rate because the melt flow rate under ISO 1133-1:2022 at 190 °C and 21.6 kg is generally below 0.1 g/10 min for this molecular-weight class. Intrinsic viscosity in a suitable solvent and Mooney viscosity provide better process control.
| Product class | Typical Mv range | Physical state at 25 °C | Cold flow | Typical processing route |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Low-molecular-weight polybutene | 400–5 000 g/mol | viscous liquid | high | pumping, direct mixing |
| Conventional medium-Mv PIB | 40 000–200 000 g/mol | tacky viscoelastic solid | moderate | solvent blending, melt blending |
| HRDF-600 | 600 000 g/mol nominal | tough rubbery solid | low | high-shear dissolving, compounding |
| Ultra-high-Mv PIB | > 1 000 000 g/mol | leathery bale | very low | specialized high-shear or extended dissolution |
Rheologically, low-molecular-weight liquid polybutenes are commonly specified by kinematic viscosity at 100 °C under ASTM D445-21. HRDF-600 is not adequately characterized by capillary kinematic viscosity; the grade is better controlled by intrinsic viscosity, Mooney viscosity under ISO 289-1, or dynamic oscillatory shear. A practical consequence is that HRDF-600 raises low-shear viscosity and cohesive strength in tapes and sealants while contributing little to tackifier-like mobility.
In pressure-sensitive adhesive and sealant applications, HRDF-600 is typically dissolved in aliphatic hydrocarbon or toluene/hexane blends at solids contents of 15 wt% to 35 wt%. High-shear dissolvers with saw-tooth impellers or sigma-blade mixers are required; dissolution time is longer than for medium-Mv PIB because polymer chain entanglement retards solvent diffusion. Batch temperatures are held below 70 °C to limit solvent loss and local gel formation. Addition of 2.0 wt% to 5.0 wt% HRDF-600 to an acrylic or styrenic block copolymer hot-melt adhesive increases low-shear viscosity and reduces edge oozing; final peel and shear performance must be confirmed using ASTM D3330 and ASTM D3654. For vibration-damping compounds, the high entanglement density contributes to energy dissipation near room temperature, but dynamic mechanical analysis under ISO 6721-1 is required because damping intensity depends on frequency, temperature, and blend morphology.
In constrained-layer damping and acoustic barrier applications, HRDF-600 is compounded with mineral fillers and bitumen or thermoplastic resins. Dynamic mechanical analysis under ISO 6721-1 typically shows a broad loss modulus transition near the glass transition of PIB, but the precise damping peak depends on filler loading and plasticizer content. High molecular weight increases entanglement density and reduces creep under static load; compressive creep tests under ISO 8013 may be used for specification. The low oxygen and moisture permeability of PIB makes the grade useful in barrier film modification, where addition levels of 2.0–10.0 wt% in polyethylene are used, but film clarity and tensile properties must be revalidated because high-Mv PIB domains can scatter light in incompatible blends. Published data for this specific configuration in multilayer barrier films are limited.
Melt processing of HRDF-600 is constrained by a narrow practical temperature window. Barrel set-points between 150 °C and 190 °C are typical, with a melt-temperature ceiling of 200 °C. Above this ceiling, random chain scission and oxidative degradation can reduce molecular weight rapidly. Below 150 °C, the high viscosity can exceed torque limits on conventional extrusion equipment. In a co-rotating twin-screw extruder with an L/D ratio of 40:1, adiabatic shear heating in kneading elements may raise local melt temperature by 15–25 °C above the barrel set-point. Therefore, screw design must limit aggressive kneading blocks and rely on distributive mixing elements when HRDF-600 is compounded with polypropylene or polyethylene. Screw speeds are typically maintained in a moderate range, and downstream melt pumps are used to reduce residence time.
Thermogravimetric analysis under ISO 11358-1 may show the onset of thermal decomposition in an inert atmosphere near 300 °C for polyisobutylene homopolymers, but oxidative environments lower the practical continuous melt ceiling. Therefore, melt processing above 200 °C should be avoided even if the extruder torque remains within drive capacity. If moisture-sensitive fillers are used, pre-drying of the filler rather than the PIB phase is standard because polyisobutylene moisture uptake at 23 °C and 85% RH is below 0.1 wt%. Storage in a dry area is recommended, and bales should be brought to processing temperature gradually to avoid surface condensation.
When solvent-borne processing is selected, the dissolution equipment must deliver high shear without excessive temperature rise. Jacketed high-speed dissolvers with variable-frequency drives and temperature probes are used; the batch is kept below 70 °C. Filtration through 50–100 μm media is standard before coating to remove undissolved gels. Solvent selection follows Hansen solubility parameters; aliphatic hydrocarbons, cyclohexane, toluene, and halogenated solvents are effective, while acetone and low-molecular-weight alcohols are non-solvents and should be avoided because they cause precipitation. Unstabilized PIB can be degraded by strong oxidizing agents and should not be processed in the presence of direct UV for extended periods unless UV stabilizer is added. Compatibility with tackifiers and plasticizers must be checked by cloud point and loop tack testing because certain aromatic resins can reduce cohesive strength at loadings above 30 wt% of the total blend.
Wire and cable flooding compounds use HRDF-600 to provide moisture resistance and low-temperature flexibility. In that application, the polymer is blended with mineral oil and hydrophobic fillers in a heated sigma-blade mixer at 120 °C under nitrogen; simple blending does not require the high-shear extrusion described above. Polyolefin modification for toughening and barrier enhancement is another use, but published data for the specific HRDF-600 configuration in filled polyolefin compounds are limited; pilot-scale compounding trials are required.
The use of HRDF-600 in food-contact, medical, or electrical applications must be confirmed against the batch certificate and the applicable regulatory reference. Polyisobutylene homopolymer is identified under CAS 9003-27-4 and covered by FDA 21 CFR 177.1420 for certain food-contact uses, subject to end-testing for extractives. Under REACH, the polymer is registered and is not classified as a hazardous substance under CLP. The following matrix summarizes common compliance anchors.
| Requirement | Reference or method | Typical scope and limit |
|---|---|---|
| Food-contact polymer listing | FDA 21 CFR 177.1420 | PIB homopolymers; extractive limits apply |
| EU REACH registration | Regulation (EC) No 1907/2006 | CAS 9003-27-4 registered polymer |
| RoHS restricted substances | Directive 2011/65/EU | Pb, Hg, Cd, CrVI, PBB, PBDE each ≤ 0.1 wt% in homogeneous material |
| Volatile matter | ASTM D5668 | ≤ 0.1 wt% typical for bale grade |
| Ash residue | ISO 247 | ≤ 0.05 wt% typical |
Operational boundaries include avoiding prolonged heating above 200 °C, avoiding strong oxidizing agents, and avoiding use with amine-based curatives in polyurethane systems unless compatibility is proved. The grade is not intended as a reactive low-molecular-weight polyisobutylene for dispersant synthesis; the terminal-vinylidene content of conventional high-Mv PIB is lower than that of highly reactive PIB grades, and the product should not be specified for quantitative maleic anhydride grafting without pilot verification.
